This book will help to establish the fact that it has been erroneous to teach American diplomatic history as a series of incidents belonging to a particular administration, a particular President, a particular Secretary of State or a particular diplomatic agent. Rather, American diplomatic history should be understood as a continuum of interests centered about the North Atlantic and always essentially related to a European context.
Americans and the American government were not isolationist minded in their policies in the mid-nineteenth century. There were broad outlines and objectives for which the American government and its representatives abroad constantly worked ; these activities did involve the United States in the affairs of other nations ; and these objectives can be discerned in studying the daily activities of the Belgian Legation from 1830 to 1850.
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Another project on private returns of education? . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Extending the Becker/ Mincer approach to education . . . . . . 3
1.3 Why is Belgium an interesting case? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Methodological issues and questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5 The project's structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Do parental jobs and money buy higher schooling? Evidence
from track choice in Belgium. 13
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Choosing between dierent education tracks in Belgium . . . . 16
2.3 The econometric framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 The sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.5 Empirical results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendices 32
2.A Tables from section 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.B Complete tables from section 2.5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.C Complete tables from section 2.5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 General education versus vocational training: How do they
aect individual labour market performance? 37
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2 The multiple dimensions of education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3 Monthly or annual earnings? A decomposition story . . . . . . 42
3.4 The model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.5 The sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.6 Estimation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Appendices 62
3.A Construction of variables and connection to the PSBH questionnaire.. . . 62
3.B Estimations using random eects and OLS . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4 Retirement, education and the role of pension benets 69
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.2 Some facts on retirement decision and pension systems . . . 71
4.3 A lifecycle model of earnings with endogenous retirement. . 73
4.4 Retirement decisions under dierent retirement benets schemes 79
4.5 The downward shift in employment probabilities for older workers 86
4.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Appendices 90
4.A Analytical solution of Alders' model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.B Analytical solution of Alders model for l = 0 and
(t) s
. . . 92
4.C Analytical solution of Alders model with 0 < l < 1 and
(t) s ... 93
4.D Analytical solution with a variable replacement rate . . . . . . 93
Bibliography 95