Marché des céréales à Ruremonde Luxembourg, Namur et Diest aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

Sommaire

1 Introduction 7
2 The Portal Effective Theory Framework 11
2.1 Philosophy and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 The Construction of General PET Lagrangians . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 General Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 Power Counting and Naive Dimensional Analysis . 15
2.2.3 Elimination of Redundant Operators . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.4 Should one Diagonalize Quadratic Portal Interactions? 21
2.3 General Electroweak Scale PETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3.1 Constructing a Minimal Basis of Portal Operators 23
2.3.2 The Full Portal Lagrangian . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3.3 Modifications after Electroweak Symmetry Breaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.4 General GeV Scale PETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.4.1 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.4.2 Scalar Portal Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.4.3 Fermion Portal Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.4.4 Vector Portal Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.4.5 The Subset of |_F| = 1 Portal Operators . . . . . 54
3 PET Chiral Perturbation Theory 59
3.1 The External Current Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.2 Aspects of QCD at Low Energies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.2.1 The QCD Lagrangian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.2.2 Conformal Anomaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.2.3 Large Nc QCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.2.4 Chiral Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.2.5 Pseudo Nambu-Goldstone Bosons . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.3 QCD in the Presence of External Currents . . . . . . . . . 76
3.3.1 The Interaction Lagrangian . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.3.2 Explicit Breaking of Scale Invariance . . . . . . . . 83
3.3.3 Generalized Chiral Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.4 Construction of the PET _PT Lagrangian . . . . . . . . . 88
3.4.1 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.4.2 The generalized _PT Action . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.4.3 Transition to the Physical Vacuum . . . . . . . . . 100
3.5 Low Energy Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.5.1 Low energy Realizations of QCD Gauge Singlets . 104
3.5.2 LEC's for Scalar to Gluon Coupling . . . . . . . . 107
3.5.3 LEC’s for the octet and 27-plet Terms . . . . . . . 108
4 Lepton Number Violation via Sterile Neutrino Decoherence 113
4.1 Lepton Number Violation at Colliders . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.2 Introduction to Type-I Seesaw Models . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.3 Criteria for Sterile Neutrino Decoherence . . . . . . . . . 120
4.3.1 General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.3.2 Benchmark Model with n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.4 LNV in the n = 2 Benchmak Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
5 Relativistic and Spectator Effects in High-Scale Leptogenesis 127
5.1 Updating High-Scale Leptogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.2 Simplified Model for High-Scale Leptogenesis . . . . . . . 132
5.3 The CTP Formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
5.3.1 CTP Correlation Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
5.3.2 Constraints from Finite Temperature QFT . . . . 140
5.3.3 Schwinger-Dyson Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
5.4 Relativistic Fluid Equations for Leptogenesis . . . . . . . 145
5.4.1 Derivation of the Fluid Equations . . . . . . . . . 145
5.4.2 Computation of the rates LNC and LNV . . . . . 156
5.4.3 Comparison with the Nonrelativistic Approximation165
5.5 Implications for the Final B − L Asymmetry . . . . . . . 168
5.5.1 Scenario without Spectators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.5.2 Scenario with Partially Equilibrated Spectators . . 179
6 Summary and Outlook 185
6.1 The Portal Effective Theory Framework . . . . . . . . . . 185
6.2 PET Chiral Perturbation Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
6.3 Lepton Number Violation at Colliders . . . . . . . . . . . 188
6.4 Relativistic and Spectator Effects in High-Scale Leptogenesis189