The Enhanced Digital Cinema (EDCine) project is focusing on theoptimisation, enhancement and interoperability issues of JPEG 2000based Digital Cinema standards. JPEG 2000 compression and the“DCI specifications” document [DCISPEC] are... Lire la suite
The Enhanced Digital Cinema (EDCine) project is focusing on the optimisation, enhancement and interoperability issues of JPEG 2000 based Digital Cinema standards. JPEG 2000 compression and the “DCI specifications” document [DCISPEC] are the cornerstones of the project’s efforts.
The “DCI specifications” document published in April 2007 confirms the SMPTE decision to choose JPEG 2000 instead of MPEG for digital cinema coding. This choice clearly does not take account of many European issues. The MXF file format and security tools specifications are being adopted following the DCI studios’ wishes. They lead to an unquestionable increase in the quality of the theatre experience. Nevertheless the specifications’ rigidity, due mainly to the total absence of choice about the compression format, will force theatres willing to be able to project digital content to comply with those requirements within a few years to make great financial efforts.
If this aspect can be considered not to be an issue for large multiplex theatres, which are often directly tied to a major, the same cannot be asserted for the great majority of European cinemas, which consist mainly of a number of small theatres distributed in small or mediumsized towns and for which conforming to DCI specifications could be beyond their own investment capabilities.
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 1. POWER IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: MODERNISING HOLSTI
IN THE 21ST
CENTURY ............................................................................. 9
TANGUY STRUYE DE SWIELANDE AND DOROTHÉE VANDAMME
Material and immaterial determinants ........................................................... 9
Relational aspect ........................................................................................... 16
Means ............................................................................................................ 17
Processes ....................................................................................................... 20
Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 22
PART 1: POWER IN ACTION – ADAPTING TO NEW REALITIES
CHAPTER 2. GLOBAL SWING STATES: WHICH LEADERSHIP WILL THEY FOLLOW? .................. 33
DOROTHÉE VANDAMME AND TANGUY STRUYE DE SWIELANDE
Validation and contestation of the international system .............................. 34
Status-seeking as part of the socialization process ....................................... 39
Global swing states and the future of international order ............................ 42
CHAPTER 3. GAINING RECOGNITION THROUGH MEDIATION IN A WORLD
IN TRANSITION: THE PLACE OF MEDIATION IN BRAZIL AND SOUTH AFRICA'S
FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGIES .................................................................... 51
JOAN DEAS
Introduction ................................................................................................... 51
Mediation as a rising powers’ foreign policy strategy
and a soft power instrument ......................................................................... 53
Brazil and South Africa’s experiences of mediation ...................................... 60
Brazil ............................................................................................................ 65
South Africa ................................................................................................... 68
Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 73
CHAPTER 4. SOFT POWER IN THE CONTEXT OF NEWS PRODUCTION
AND CIRCULATION NETWORKS OF EMERGING COUNTRIES ............................. 79
STEPHANIE HENG
Introduction .................................................................................................. 79
The challenges of international news flows .................................................. 80
BRICS’ evolving role in the global media landscape ...................................... 81
An overview of China’s global media strategy .............................................. 83
India’s emerging soft power strategy ........................................................... 85
The dynamics of soft power in international relations ................................. 87
Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 88
PART 2: MULTILEVEL INTERNATIONAL SCENE
CHAPTER 5. POWER IN AN ASYMMETRIC WORLD: THE SABRE, THE SPIRIT
AND THE ELECTRON................................................................................. 93
AYMERIC BONNEMAISON
Asymmetry: a new paradigm in international relations ............................... 94
Cyber in power .............................................................................................. 97
CHAPTER 6. THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL: FROM POWER CHESSBOARD
TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY PROTOTYPE ........................................... 113
MICHEL LIÉGEOIS AND CAMILLE BAISSAT
The UNSC Revival after the Cold War: quantitative approach .................... 114
The UNSC Revival after the Cold War: qualitative approach ...................... 115
Club/parliamentary/network diplomacy .................................................... 116
UNSC transparency and working methods ................................................. 117
Subsidiary bodies ........................................................................................ 118
The balance of power within the Council ................................................... 119
How to preserve the legitimacy of being a P5? .......................................... 120
Conclusion ................................................................................................... 121
CHAPTER 7. TRANSFORMATION OF POWER THROUGH GLOBAL GOVERNANCE:
THE CASE OF EMERGING POWERS ............................................................ 125
PIERRE VERCAUTEREN
Introduction ................................................................................................. 125
Structure(s) of the international system ..................................................... 126
Changes in the system ................................................................................. 127
Four categories of States ............................................................................. 129
Emerging powers ......................................................................................... 130
Emerging power strategies vis-à-vis global governance.............................. 131
What are the results? .................................................................................. 132
What’s the picture of global governance and its impact on power? .......... 133
Conclusion ................................................................................................... 134
PART 3: EMERGING CHINA – A CASE STUDY
CHAPTER 8. THE LOGIC OF RELATIONSHIPS OF NORMATIVE POWER CHINA ...................... 139
EMILIAN KAVALSKI
Introduction ................................................................................................. 139
A rise of normative powers? ....................................................................... 140
Framing normative power China ................................................................. 142
CHAPTER 9. NEW CHINA: NEW POWER OR REVISITING THE OLD? .................................. 155
BART DESSEIN
Introduction ................................................................................................. 155
Historical background .................................................................................. 156
Fast forward to the future ........................................................................... 157
Qualifying the future: How fast forward, after all? ..................................... 158
China’s comprehensive power .................................................................... 160
'One Belt One Road’, the ‘Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’,
and global power shift ................................................................................. 162
In retrospect ................................................................................................ 166
CHAPTER 10. CHINA’S SOFT POWER: ACADEMIC DEBATES AND POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS ... 171
BARTHÉLÉMY COURMONT
Nye’s concept reconstructed ...................................................................... 171
Soft power with Chinese characteristics… and resources ........................... 174
Is Chinese soft power limited? .................................................................... 175
Beyond soft power ...................................................................................... 177
Conclusion ................................................................................................... 180
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 187